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Ultrasound Evaluation Of Obstructive And Nonobstructive Disorders Of The Fetal Genitourinary System Quiz

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1. A complete evaluation of the fetal urinary tract should include all except:

Evaluate amniotic fluid

Evaluate fetal stomach

Evaluate fetal renal area

Evaluate fetal urinary bladder

2. Which statement regarding amniotic fluid is false?

amniotic fluid volume reflects the prognosis of renal function.

Early detection of amniotic fluid variations may influence the management of the obstetrical patient

Abnormal amounts of amniotic fluid should lead the sonographer to suspect problems with the genitourinary system

amniotic fluid does not reflect renal function.


3. Abnormal amounts of amniotic fluid should lead the sonographer to suspect problems with:

cardiovascular system

endocrine system

genitourinary system

reproductive system


4. The most common site of all antenatally detected anomalies is:

gastrointestinal system

genitourinary system

cardiovascular system

central nervous system


5. The fetal kidneys begin to produce urine:

by the fifth week

by the seventh week

by the thirteenth week

by the twenty seventh week


6. Prior to sixteen weeks, what structure contributes waste to form the amniotic fluid volume:

placenta

chorion

amnion

urinary bladder


7. The persistence of fetal lobulation and groove may be seen postnatally as an echogenic triangular notch on:

the upper border of the left kidney

the posterior wall of the right kidney

the lower border of the left kidney

the anterior wall of the right kidney


8. Which statement is false regarding the urachus.

the allantois regresses to become a fibrous cord

the cord extends from the apex of the bladder to the umbilicus

color Doppler is used to outline the urachus

a small part of the lumen of the allantois may persist (urachal cyst)


9. Normal anatomic structures of the kidney include all except:

inhomogeneous renal cortex

homogeneous pyramids

echogenic calyces

anechoic renal pelvis


10. The structure that causes the fetal kidneys to become more echogenic with gestational age is:

increased urine accumulation

decreased renal cortex

increased retroperiotoneal fat

decreased renal pelvis


11. The normal fetal bladder fills and empties on average every _______ minutes:

10

15

20

25


12. A genetic condition may be implied if the renal anomaly is:

bilateral and symmetric

unilateral and symmetric

bilateral and asymmetric

unilateral and asymmetric


13. Normal amniotic fluid volume after twenty weeks implies:

no renal anomalies

at least one kidney is functioning and the fetus has good prognosis

only one kidney is functioning with a poor prognosis for the fetus

both kidneys are not functioning with a poor prognosis


14. In patients with oligohydramnios, the prognosis is poor secondary to:

cardiac failure

central nervous system failure

pulmonary hypoplasia

esophageal atresia


15. The normal amount of fluid within the fetal renal pelvis should be:
4mm prior to 20 weeks; 5 mm after

5mm prior to 20 weeks; 6 mm after

9mm prior to 20 weeks; 10 mm after

11 mm prior to 20 weeks; 12 mm after


16. The precondition that may lead to hydronephrosis is called:

pelviectasis

caliectasis

hydroiectasis

dilectasis


17. The most common cause of hydronephrosis is:

duplex collecting system

posterior urethral valves

ureteropelvic junction defect

ureterovesical junction defect


18. The sonographer may be able to differentiate a dilated ureter from bowel because:

the ureter does not show peristalsis

the ureter lies closer to the spine

the ureter does not dilate as much as the bowel

the ureter is more echogenic

19. The most common sonographic findings in posterior urethral valve obstruction includes all except:

hydronephrosis

hydroureters

bladder extopia

dilatation of the bladder and wall


20. Sonographic findings in prune-belly syndrome include all except:

oligohydramnios

bilateral hydronephrosis

fetal ascites

polyhydramnios